|
The Cutty Wren and its variants like The Hunting of the Wren are traditional English folk songs. The origins and meaning of the song are disputed. It is thought by some to represent the human sacrifice of the Year King, or the symbolic substitute slaughter of the wren as "king of the birds" at the end of the year for similar purposes, and such songs are traditionally sung on Boxing Day, just after the winter solstice. These rituals are discussed in ''The Golden Bough''. It is number 236 in the Roud Folk Song Index. ==The rebellious wren?== On the other hand, it is also attributed to the English peasants' revolt of 1381, and the wren is supposed to be the young king Richard II, who is killed and fed to the poor. However, there is no strong evidence to connect this song with the Peasants' revolt. This idea seems to have originated in A.L. Lloyd's 1944 book ''The Singing Englishman''.〔(The Singing Englishman )〕 The liner notes to Chumbawamba's album ''English Rebel Songs 1381-1914'' state categorically that the song was written in the fourteenth century. However, the earliest known text is from Herd's "Scots Songs" 1776. The song is given no title, but begins with these words: :Will ze go to the wood? quo' FOZIE MOZIE; :Will ze go to the wood? quo' JOHNIE REDNOZIE; :Will ze go to the wood? quo' FOSLIN'ene; :Will ze go to the wood? quo' brither and kin. :What to do there? quo' FOZIE MOZIE; :What to do there? quo' JOHNIE REDNOZIE; :What to do there? quo' FOSLIN'ene; :What to do there? quo' brither and kin. :To slay the WREN, quo' FOZIE MOZIE: :To slay the WREN, quo' JOHNIE REDNOZIE: :To slay the WREN, quo' FOSLIN'ene: :To slay the WREN, quo' brither and kin.〔(Mudcat )〕 There is a version in Welsh, "Hela'r Dryw"; also one in Manx ("Helg Yn Dreain"), published by the Manx Society in 1869.〔(St Stephen and the Wren )〕 In Orkney a version called "The Brethren Three" (published 1915) describes the song as a lullaby. ("We'll aff tae the wids, says Tosie Mosie"). The often quoted "Milder to Moulder" version first appears in Cecil Sharp's "English Folk Songs" (1920), under the title "Green Bushes". In the USA the song has undergone considerable evolution, into the song "Billy Barlow", first known in 1916. In Ireland the hunt generally took place on St Stephen's Day (26 December) and the procession that night, lads dressed in bizarre costumes made of straw and colourful cloth carrying branches from which hung the body of the wren, as they sang: ''The wren, the wren, the king of all birds'' ''On St Stephen's Day was caught in the furze'' ''Although he was little, his power is great'' ''So up with the kettle and down with the plate!'' On the Isle of Man, up to the end of the eighteenth century, the ceremony was observed on Christmas morning. In Carcassonne (France), in the nineteenth century, it was on the first Sunday in December. The American versions mention a squirrel, rat or other small animal rather than a wren. The Chieftains stage performances have included dancers dressed as Wrenboys, in straw clothes. This has been captured on the album ''Bells of Dublin'', which includes six tracks devoted to the ceremony, singing and dancing. The Hunting of the Wren is the culmination of the myth of the Wren who kills Cock Robin. On or near the winter solstice the populace hunted and killed the Wren for its supposed misdeed. The custom of killing wrens on December 26 was mostly stamped out in the British Isles by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, according to William S. Walsh in ''Curiosities of Popular Customs.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cutty Wren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|